Information Systems Analysis and Design [Part I]

Basic Concept of Information Systems Analysis and Design

Before studying what that Information Systems Analysis and Design, first we have to know what that system and what that information.

WHAT IS SYSTEM?

There are two approaching to definition of system:

1. Definition of system based on approach of procedure

According to this approach, system interpreted by as a working network from procedures which is interaction and work along to finish a specific-purpose or goal. A procedure is a correct sequences of instruction steps explaining what have to be done, who have to do, when have to be done and how to do that.

2. Definition of system based on approach of element

According to this approach the definition of system is a set of elements which is have interaction to reach specific-purpose or goal.

CHARACTERISTIC OF SYSTEM

Characteristic a system can be explained as follows:

1. Components

Consist of a number of components which interact, what each other working along to form an unity. The example is Supra System that is a larger ones system.

2. Boundary

A system has a boundary to limiting system with environmental or other system outside its.

3. Environments

Environment is a media link between a subsystem with other subsystem.

4. Input

Entered energy into system can in the form of treatment input and signal input. The treatment input is entered energy system to can walk. While signal input is energy which in process to yield output.

5. Output

The result from processed energy and classified is become an output which good for and rest of dismissal.

6. Process

Process is the change an input become output.

7. Target (objective)/goal

Otherwise have the target then system operation there will be no utilizing of. The system is told succeed if it has reach the target/its goal.

The characteristic system can be explained as a picture below:

CLASSIFICATION OF SYSTEM

a. Deterministic System

The certain system operate with behavior which have earned can be predicted, interaction between its shares can be detected categorically so that its output can be forecasted. For example: Computer program, executing precisely as according to its instruction network.

b. Probabilistic System

The System which is input and its process can be defined, but yielded output cannot be determined categorically. For example: marketing system.

c. Open System

The system that relation and effect external environment .This system accept input and yield output for external environment/the other sub system, so that have good operation system. This system tend to measure up to adaptation, can adapt to its environment so that can continue its.

d. Closed System

The System Physical where the process that happened do not experience of transfer of items, information or energy with environment outside system. This system is work automatically without existence of interfere in of external side of it.

e. Relatively Closed System

Is the closed system but doesn't closed at all to accept other influences. This system in its operation can accept influence from outside which have been defined in certain boundaries.

f. Artificial System

The System is imitating occurrence in system. This system is formed pursuant to occurrence in nature where human being unable to do it.

g. Natural System

The natural system is occurrence in nature. For example: sea, solar system and others.

h. Manned System

The system is explanation of behavior covering human being taking part in. This system can be depicted in way of as follows:

• The System of Human being focus the relations between human being
  
• The System of Human being - Machine, System which involve machine to a target
  
• The Machine System, automatic system where human being have duty to start and finish system, meanwhile human being entangled also to monitor system.
  

WHAT IS INFORMATION?

Data is fact. Information is processing data into more useful things for the user who need it. If data is not useful to accept it so the data cannot be referred as by information.

In the information cycle, data that we input are processed in the database system. The output after data has been processed is information. So, user can use that to make a decision action. Result of the decision action is new data. New data comes for the input so information is being cycling again continuously.

QUALITY OF INFORMATION

To get information with quality, then information must have:

• Accurately
  

  Information free from mistakes and doesn't deflect or mislead
  

• Punctually
  

  Incoming information at receiver may not lose time
  

• Relevantly
  

  Information is have benefit for its usage.
  

Information will be valuable if big added significance of expense get it