Information Systems Analysis and Design [Part 3]

EARLY OBSERVATION, ANALYSIS'S REQUIREMENT

CONCEPT OF INVESTIGATION SYSTEM

There is the difference distinctive among system's aim and condition of system actually. Reporting detects problem not quite a reality, that is:

• - The target of system over ideal
  
• - Lack for resource and or attitude
  
• - System measurement less accurate
  
• - The target of system which have under developed
  
• - The difference among idle system and temporary system
  

Problem solving for the problems above are:

• - System formulation that be walks or in other words is investigation in detail
  
• - Getting ideal system consensus
  
• - Develop severally alternative
  
• - Choosing the best one alternative
  

The target of investigation is to show the problem that actually happens.

CONSTRAINT IN INVESTIGATION SYSTEM

When we do investigation, some constraints which often arise are about:

• - Time
  
• - Cost
  
• - Science
  
• - Politics
  
• - Interference
  

RECOMMENDATION

Result of investigation is a recommendation which contain for example as follows:

• - No action or problem undiscovered
  
• - Doing system preserve or there are only a little problem
  
• - Increasing user ability or skill
  
• - Regarding system modification totally
  
• - Placing happening problem into systems development plan which shortly be done
  

INVESTIGATION TACTICS

Why needs tactics in investigation system? Tactics needs in investigation system to find all problems, knowing cause of arise problem and determining solution in point. The tactics is done so all system element can accept solution offer without trouble their activity.

Severally tactics which can be done, that is:

• - Listening system agent opinion
  
• - Don't give startup resolving
  
• - Comparing story some bodies system agent to same case
  
• - Notice inconsistency logical problem
  

INVESTIGATION TECHNIQUES

Investigation techniques can do in two way which is directly and indirect. On directly we can use Questionnaires, Question-answer and Observation. Then on indirect we can use Procedural flow, Studying document, Sample and Tabular.

CURRENT SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

• - Input
  
• - Output
  
• - File
  
• - Data element
  
• - Transactions volume and action document
  
• - Data flow chart
  

ANALYSIS'S REQUIREMENT

Intensive interaction phase among system analyst with end user where systems developmental team point out its membership to get comment and user trust so gets good participation.

Four (4) goals that wants to be reached:

1. 1. Explain comprehensive system
   
2. 2. Figuring ideal information system
   
3. 3. Taking in ideal information system to condition of currently by notices resource constraint
   
4. 4. Giving push to wearing confidence into developmental system
   

Method that use in analysis's requirement are question-answer, Questionnaire, Observation, Analysis's procedure and Document observation.

RESOURCE CONSTRAINT

Resource constraint is influenced by:

• ~ Time
  
• ~ Money
  
• ~ Membership
  
• ~ Technology
  
• ~ External factor
  

Analysis's Requirement Document:

- Analysis's instruction: Relationship with end user, processes observation, about problem in data collecting

- User requirement: Real requirement, Report requirement, training requirement and new system influence

- System constraint: Explain the time and cost constraint, membership, technology and external factor

- Document as instrumental as data collecting, statistical consensus, logically and physical data flow, early data element in data dictionary

GENERATING SYSTEMS ALTERNATIVES

How to approach current system condition with condition of system which ideal?

• - Making alternative to solve information system problem
  
• - That best alternative applied by wisely
  

Strategy option:

• o Distributed versus centralized processing
  

  Changing information decision from centralized processing's data goes to decentralized end user responsibility center
  

• o Integrated versus dispersed database
  

  System designer shall regard data any kind incoming in database and one turns in at File
  

• o Surround Strategy of System Development
  

  Environmental surrounding of strategy is important in term confiscation because information system of other firm may in contrast to corporate currently.
  

Strategy option is done before operational scheme option

Operational scheme option

Scheme option can be agglomerated into:

• >> Input
  
  • - Online Vs Off Line Data Entry
    
  • - Keyed Vs Machine Readable Data Entry
    
  • - Centralized Vs Decentralized Data Entry
    
• >> Processing
  
  • - Batch Vs Realtime record update
    
  • - Sequential Vs Direct Access to records
    
  • - Single Vs Multiple User update of records
    
• >> Output
  
  • - Traditional Vs Turn Around Documents
    
  • - Structured Vs Inquiry based reports
    

SELECTING THE PROPER SYSTEM

Strategy compares

Strategy compares is system compared based on cost and gain relatively; There is 3 A's system trick is said more superior with another system, if:

• - A have inferior cost of B and both have same gain
  
• - A have inferior cost of B and A produce gain more than B
  
• - A and B have same cost but resulting gain of A is more
  

Severally System Compares Method:

1. 1. Break Even point Analyisis
   
2. 2. Payback Period
   
3. 3. Discounted PayBack period
   
4. 4. Internal Rate of Return
   

Cost category

• - Hardware
  
• - Software
  
• - People
  
• - Suppliers
  
• - Telecommunications
  
• - Physical sites
  

Cost detail

Comparing information system's cost through life system, analyst shall projection how much change of cost for the future and there is 3 models of information system's cost which is Linear, Exponential and Step Function.

Information system's cost can happen just once and also can happening chronically.

• - information system's cost happening that just once which is on time's cost and development's cost that do happen while system development.
  
• - Information system's cost happening continually among those is recuring's cost and operational cost where this cost happens while operating information system everyday.
  

INFORMATION SYSTEM FACTOR

Qualitative factor that aim good information system's performance among those:

• - Reducing fault's level
  
• - Reducing time to fix fault
  
• - Reducing response time from workstation alternative
  
• - Hastening time to supply information
  
• - Increasing system security
  
• - Increasing record's source update active
  
• - Increasing user satisfaction
  

CORPORATE STRATEGY FACTOR

• - Consumer satisfaction
  
• - Sell level increases
  
• - Consumer commitment and vendor
  
• - Product marketing information
  

System learning presentation

• >> Doing presentation in few words
  
• >> Reducing technique's explanation in detail
  
• >> presentation clearly with visual's assistive tool
  
• >> If utilizes model to utilize assistive tool e.g. laptop so more informative
  
• >> Emphasize gain of information system proposal with severally alternative that available appropriate condition which experienced by firm.
  

DECISION KEEP IT UP OR NOT

• <> If firm decides to develop system therefore information department will do succeeding process which is Process System Design.
  
• <> If contrariwise therefore System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) will be discontinued.
  
• <> Oft will find problem with study's system and usually top management will ask for to do its reworking to study's system.
  
• <> Model will explain some part step which to be repeated and sometimes information department will make decision to repeating steps before explain study's system.
  
• <> With alternative, decision for repeating a SDLC's step in advance or not been called Go – No – Go Decision.